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1989-05-07
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26KB
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997 lines
.REMARK
MSDOS Hyperfile copyright (c) N.G.Taylor 1989
.
.HEADER
$1 - $2 ~C65~NMSDOS~E
═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
.
.FOOTER
~L20═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
~MGeneral~E ~MDisk~E ~MDirectories~E ~MFiles~E ~MScreen~E ~MPrinter~E ~MBatch~E ~ADOS Terms~PN@MDOS Terms~E
.
.CHECK +fa
.
.MENU Disk
ASSIGN
CHKDSK
DISKCOMP
DISKCOPY
FORMAT
LABEL
SYS
VERIFY
VOL
.
.MENU General
BREAK
DATE
KEYBUK
PATH
PROMPT
SET
TIME
VER
.
.MENU Screen
CLS
CTTY
MODE
.
.MENU Printer
GRAPHICS
PRINT
.
.MENU Directories
CHDIR
DIR
JOIN
MKDIR
RMDIR
SUBST
TREE
XCOPY
.
.MENU Files
APPEND
ATTRIB
COMP
COPY
DEL
EDLIN
ERASE
FIND
MORE
RENAME
REPLACE
SORT
TYPE
.
.MENU Batch
ECHO
IF
GOTO
FOR
PAUSE
REM
Parameter
SHIFT
.
.CHECK -fa
.
.MENU DOS Terms
Environment variable
ASCII
Internal command
External command
Filespec
Wildcard
Subdirectory
Root directory
Default directory
Default drive
Status code
Filter
.
.NOTE Help
LEFT Mouse button is used for
selection of item.
RIGHT button is used to select
control menu
Items are other frames
notes
menus
.
.NOTE Filespec
This should take the form
[d:][\][path\][filename.filetype]
Where filename can be up to 8
characters and filetype can be up
to 3 characters.
.
.NOTE MSDOS
This document describes the commands
available under MSDOS version 3.2
.
.NOTE Filter
A filter is a program which reads from
its standard input and writes to its
standard output. Input and output can
be redirected to/from a file or piped
to/from another program. e.g.
FILTERPROG < INPUT.FIL > OUTPUT.FIL
PROGRAM1 | FILTERPROG | PROGRAM2
.
.NOTE Status Code
Sometimes referred to as the exit code
this code is the value returned to DOS
by a program when it terminates. It may
be tested using the batch ~FIF~E command.
The success status is normally 0.
.
.NOTE Root directory
The Root directory is the highest level
directory in the directory structure on
a disk. The pathname symbol '\' at the
start of a pathname indicates the root
node in the hierarchy, the rest of the
pathname being relative to this.
.
.NOTE Subdirectory
A subdirectory is one which is held
within another directory. A structure
of directories can exist to any level.
.
.NOTE Internal command
An internal command is one which is
built into the DOS command processor
and does not reside as a file on
the disk.
.
.NOTE External command
An external command is one which
resides as a program file on the
disk. It is held in a file with
the extension of .EXE or .COM
.
.NOTE ASCII
ASCII is an abbreviation for the
code used to store textual data
on a computer:- American Standard
Code for Information Interchange
.
.NOTE Default Directory
The current directory which will be
used to refer to programs and files
if a direct pathname to the file is
not given. Other directories may be
searched for files using the ~FPATH~E
and ~FAPPEND~E commands to specify a
search path.
.
.NOTE Default Drive
The current disk drive which is used
for all file specifications which do
not include a drive specification in
their pathname. The default drive is
indicated on the DOS command line in
the prompt.
.
.NOTE Wildcard
A wildcard file specification allows
all files matching a pattern to be
selected. The '*' wildcard matches
any number of characters in a file
name or extension. The '?' wildcard
matches any single character. e.g.
*.EXE - all programs
*.H?? - all HyperShell data files
.
.NOTE Environment variable
An environment variable is a
variable used by programs and
batch files, set up using the
~FSET~E command.
.
.INDEX
indicate that index is required
.REMARK
Start of main frame area
.FRAME APPEND
.TITLE Set a search path for data files
APPEND [d:]\path[;[d:]\path..]
This sets up a sequence of pathnames that are searched for data
files when the data file is not in the ~Ndefault directory~E.
.
.END
.FRAME ASSIGN
.TITLE Assign drive letter to another drive
ASSIGN requested-drive=searched-drive
ASSIGN instructs DOS to use a disk drive other than
the one specified in a file operation.
e.g. ASSIGN A=C
This will cause all references to A: to use drive C: instead
.
.END
.FRAME ATTRIB
.TITLE Set file attributes
ATTRIB [+R or -R] [+A or -A] [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype
OPTIONS
-------
+R Make the file Read-Only.
-R Make the file Read-Write again.
+A Force the file to be backed-up even if it has not been changed.
-A Stop the file from being backed-up even though it has been changed.
~NWildcard~E file specifications can be used.
.
.FRAME BREAK
.TITLE Set break level
BREAK ON or BREAK OFF
ON - check for Ctrl Break on every DOS operation
OFF - check for Ctrl Break only during a screen, keyboard,
printer or comms operation
No parameter - show current setting
.
.FRAME CHDIR
.TITLE Change to new directory for drive
CHDIR [d:][\]path
CD [d:][\]path
CHDIR changes the ~Ndefault directory~E associated with the
~Ndefault drive~E or a named drive.
If used without parameters, the ~Ndefault directory~E is displayed.
.
.END
.FRAME CHKDSK
.TITLE Carry out disk and memory check
CHKDSK d:[\][path\][filename.filetype][/F][/N]
OPTIONS
-------
/F Fix errors as the disk is processed.
/N Display messages as the disk is processed.
CHKDSK performs checks on the memory in the PC and on the
directories in the specified (or default) drive. Any filenames
specified are checked for non-contiguous sectors.
~NWildcard~E characters can be used for the file specification.
.
.FRAME CLS
.TITLE Clear screen
CLS
CLS clears the screen display.
This is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E
.
.FRAME COMP
.TITLE Compare two files
COMP [option[option...]] [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype [d:][\][path\]
filename.filetype
OPTIONS
-------
~n/A~E ~n/C~E ~n/L~E ~n/LBn~E ~n/N~E ~n/T~E ~n/W~E ~n/n~Pnnumber~E
COMP compares two files and reports on any differences.
It can also be used to compare sets of files.
~NWildcard~E characters are allowed in the file specifications.
When differences are found, the offset in the file, and the
contents in each file, are displayed. A count of the differences
is reported at the end of processing.
.
.NOTE /A
To indicate where the difference
is just display the last line of
the previous matching section and
the first line of the following
matching section - not all the
lines in between. (The lines in
between are represented by ...).
.NOTE /C
Treat all letters as upper case
in the comparison.
.NOTE /L
Force a line by line comparison.
(Used when the filetype of either
file is EXE, COM, SYS, OBJ, LIB
or BIN.)
.NOTE /LBn
Set the buffer size to n lines.
(The default is 100 lines; the
maximum depends on the amount
of memory space your PC has.)
.NOTE /N
Add line numbers when reporting
where the differences are.
.NOTE /T
Don't expand tab characters to
spaces. (The default is to interpret
each tab character as spaces up to
the start of the next 8 character
column.
.NOTE /W
Interpret all tabs and multiple
spaces as single spaces; ignore
spaces at the beginning and end
of any line.
.NOTE number
Set the number of identical lines
required before the comparison
resynchronises to n. (The default
is 2 lines).
.END
.FRAME COPY
.TITLE Copy files
COPY [d:][\][path\]source[/A][/B] [d:][\][path\]destination[/A][/B][/V]
OPTIONS
-------
SOURCE
/A The file is treated as an ~NASCII~E text file. The contents are copied
up to, but not including, the first Ctrl-Z (end of file) character. The
/B The entire file is copied, regardless of any Ctrl-Z (end of file)
character found in the file.
DESTINATION
/A The file is treated as an ~NASCII~E text file. A Ctrl-Z (end of file)
character is added to the end of the file.
/B No Ctrl-Z (end of file) character is added to the end of the file.
/V The destination file is compared with the source file to verify
the accuracy of the copy.
~NWildcard~E characters may be used in the source file specification.
.
.FRAME CTTY
.TITLE Change default console device
CTTY device
CTTY redirects the standard console interaction to an
auxiliary device. The device may be one of AUX, COM1,
COM2 or CON. CON is the default console device, and
setting to this has the effect of resetting the console
to keyboard and screen.
CTTY is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E.
.
.FRAME DATE
.TITLE Show or set date
DATE [dd-mm-yy]
DATE displays and optionally sets the system date
DATE is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E.
.
.FRAME DEL
.TITLE Delete file(s)
DEL [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype
DEL erases files from disk on the specified drive in the
specified directory.
~NWildcard~E file specifications are permitted. If all files are
specified with a *.* wildcard, the confirmatory prompt:-
Are you sure(Y/N)
Is issued before doing the deletion.
DEL is a short form of the ERASE command, and is a
DOS ~Ninternal command~E.
.
.FRAME DIR
.TITLE List (matching) file names
DIR [d:][\][path\][filename.filetype][/P][/W]
Display a directory listing of files in the specified directory,
or default directory if no directory specified.
OPTIONS
-------
/P The display pauses after every screenful of information.
Press any key to see the next screenful.
/W Just the filenames and filetypes, with 5 files on each line.
~NWildcard~E file specifications may be used with DIR.
.
.FRAME DISKCOMP
.TITLE Compare disks
DISKCOMP source-drive: target-drive:[/1][/8]
OPTIONS
-------
/1 Compare just the first side of the disks.
/8 Compare just the first eight sectors of each track.
DISKCOMP compares two disks to verify that they are identical.
If any differences are found, the track number and side are
reported.
.
.FRAME DISKCOPY
.TITLE Copy entire disk
DISKCOPY source-drive: target-drive:
OPTIONS
-------
/1 - only copy the first side, even if double sided.
DISKCOPY copies the contents of a floppy disk from one
drive to another.
.
.FRAME EDLIN
.TITLE Line editor
EDLIN [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype[/B]
OPTIONS
-------
/B Don't interpret Ctrl-Z characters as end of file.
EDLIN invokes the MSDOS line editor to edit the specified
file.
EDLIN commands are detailed in ~FEDLIN COMMANDS~E.
.
.FRAME EDLIN COMMANDS
.TITLE Commands used within EDLIN
EDLIN Commands are as follows:-
n edit line n
[n]A append n lines
[n],[m],l[,c]C Copy a range of lines
[n][,m]D Delete a range of lines
E End edit, save file, return to DOS
[n]I Insert lines before line n
[n][,m]L List range of lines
[n][,m]lM Move range of lines
[n][,m]P Display range of lines in pages
Q Quit to DOS without saving
[n][,m][?]Rold-string[Ctrl-Z[newstring]] Replace all old with new
[n][,m][?]Sstring Search for string in range
[l]Tfilespec Transfer file into edit buffer before line l
[n]W Write first n lines to disk
.
.FRAME ERASE
.TITLE Delete file(s)
ERASE [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype
This command is the same as the ~FDEL~E command (viz.).
.
.FRAME FIND
.TITLE Find text string in a file
FIND [/V][/C][/N] "string" [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype
OPTIONS
-------
/V Display all lines except those containing the specified string.
/C Display the number of lines in which the string was found.
/N Number of lines according to their position in the file.
FIND reads the named file or files, or acts as a ~Nfilter~E if no
files are specified, searching its input for "string"
where "string" is an alphanumeric string specifying exact case
of letters.
e.g. FIND "fred" NAME1.LST NAME2.LST
~FDIR~E | FIND "EXE"
.
.FRAME FORMAT
.TITLE Format Disk in specified drive
FORMAT d:[option[option...]]
OPTIONS
-------
/1 Format a single sided disk.
/8 Format with 8 usable sectors per track.
/B Reserve space for hidden system files.
/N:n Format with n sectors per track (n=8,9)
/T:t Format with t tracks (t=40,80)
/V Prompt for a disk label after the format has been completed (the
label which is shown on the screen every time you use the DIR
command to display the contents of the disk - can be up to 11
characters long.
/S Format and prepare for use as a startup disk by copying the
system files from the default drive to the newly formatted disk.
.
.FRAME GRAPHICS
.TITLE Set up graphics driver for printer
GRAPHICS printer-type[/R][/B]
---------------------- PRINTER TYPES -------------------------
COLOR1 IBM PC Color Printer (or compatible) with a black ribbon.
COLOR4 IBM PC Color Printer (or compatible) with an RGB (Red, Green,
Blue) ribbon.
COLOR8 IBM PC Color Printer (or compatible) with a CMY (Cyan,Magenta,
Yellow and Black) ribbon.
COMPACT IBM PC Compact Printer (or compatible).
GRAPHICS IBM PC Graphics Printer (or compatible, e.g AMSTRAD DMP3000).
COLORJET IBM Colorjet Printer (or compatible).
----------------------- OPTIONS -------------------------------
/R Print foreground light, background dark as seen on the monitor.
If this option is not selected, then the foreground is printed
dark and the background light.
/B Print the background colour. If this option is not selected the
background colour is not printed. (PRINTER TYPES COLOR4 & 8 ONLY).
/F Turn the screen dump round through 90 Degrees.
/C Centre the screen dump on the page.
.
.FRAME JOIN
.TITLE Join drive as directory
JOIN d: [d:][\]path
JOIN d:/D
JOIN joins a disk drive to a directory on another drive.
The /D switch breaks any join so made
The directory to be joined to must be empty, and must be in
the root directory. If it does not exist, it will be created.
References to files beneath this directory will be referred
to the drive joined at that point.
.
.FRAME KEYBUK
.TITLE Set for british keyboard
KEYBUK
This sets the keyboard up for U.K. usage
.
.FRAME LABEL
.TITLE Label a disk
LABEL [d:] label
LABEL creates, or changes, a disk label. The label
can be up to 11 characters long, including spaces.
If no parameter is specified, the label is displayed.
All characters except *?/\|.,;:+=<>[] can be used.
.
.FRAME MKDIR
.TITLE Create subdirectory
MKDIR [d:][\]path
MKDIR creates a new subdirectory on the specified (or default)
drive and directory.
MKDIR is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E
See also ~FRMDIR~E
.
.FRAME MODE
.TITLE Set device mode
MODE device:setting[,setting...]
Sets up a device mode as follows:-
MODE LPTn:w,v (n = 1,2,3:w = 80,132:v = 6,8) - set printer
MODE [w],[s[,T]] (w = 40,80,BW40,BW80,CO40,CO80,MONO) - screen mode
(s = L,R) - shift left/right one/two characters
(T) - test pattern display for alignment
MODE COMn:baud[,parity[,databits[,stopbits[,P]]]]
(n = 1,2:baud=110 to 9600:parity=N,E,O:databits=7,8)
(stopbits=1,2:P indicates printer) - set comms port
MODE LPTn:=COMm (n=1,2,3:m=1,2) - redirect printer output to
serial port.
.
.FRAME MORE
.TITLE Display output a screenful at a time
MORE < ~Nfilespec~E
MORE is used to display a text file a page at a time. It is used
as a ~Nfilter~E, and has its input redirected or piped into it. When
each page is complete, the message "--More--" appears on the bottom
line and the program waits for a key to be pressed.
e.g. ~FDIR~E | MORE
to display a long directory listing a page at a time
MORE < TEXT.FIL
to display the file TEXT.FIL a page at a time
.
.END
.
.FRAME PATH
.TITLE Set search path for executables
PATH [d:]\path[;[d:]\path...]
PATH specifies the list of directories searched when programs
or batch files are not in the default directory.
If no parameters are specified, the current value is shown.
PATH; clears the search path, so that only the default directory
is searched.
PATH is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E
.
.FRAME PRINT
.TITLE Spool file for printing
PRINT [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype[[d:][\][path\]filename.filetype...]
[\P][\C][\T]
OPTIONS
-------
/C Remove this and following files (up to the next file listed with
the P option) from the list of files waiting to be printed.
/P Add this and following files (up to the next file listed with the
/C option) to the list of files waiting to be printed.
/T Stop the current file from being printed.
PRINT controls the print spooler, to enable files to be sent to
the printer as a background process whilst other work is done.
.
.END
.FRAME PROMPT
.TITLE Set prompt string
PROMPT prompt-text
where [prompt-text] is: letter:$$character[letter:$$character...]
$$T Time.
$$d Date.
$$n The drive letter of the default drive.
$$p The current directory on the default drive.
$$v The MS-DOS version number.
$$$$ A $$ character.
$$g A ">" character.
$$l A "<" character.
$$b A : character.
$$q A = character.
$$h A Backspace character.
$$e An ESCape character.
$$_ A new line.
PROMPT sets the DOS prompt string.
.
.FRAME RENAME
.TITLE Rename file
RENAME [d:][\][path\]old-name new-name
Renames a file to a new name
RENAME may be shortened to REN
~NWildcard~Es can be used in the filename or extension part
of the file specification to enable a set of files to be
renamed.
RENAME is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E
.
.FRAME REPLACE
.TITLE Replace old versions and add new
REPLACE source-drive:[\][path\]filename.filetype
target-drive:[\][path][option[option...]]
OPTIONS
-------
/A Add new files to the target directory.
/D Replace only if the source file is more recent.
/P Prompt for confirmation before replacing a target file or adding a
new source file.
/R Search both the given target directory and its subdirectories for
old versions of the files.
/S Replace both read-write and read-only files.
/w Wait for a key to be pressed before starting replacing and adding
files.
REPLACE updates a second directory with uptodate versions of files,
and adds new files. ~NWildcard~E file specifications may be used.
.
.FRAME RMDIR
.TITLE Delete subdirectory
RMDIR [d:][\]path
RMDIR removes a ~Nsubdirectory~E.
RMDIR can be shortened to RD.
The directory must be empty before it can be deleted.
RMDIR is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E
.
.END
.
.FRAME SET
.TITLE Set environment variable
SET variable=string
SET inserts variables into the DOS environment list.
These are known as environment variables.
If no parameters are specified, the current settings are
shown.
If the 'string' parameter is null (e.g. 'SET variable=')
the variable is removed from the environment.
This is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E
e.g. SET NAME=FRED
.
.FRAME SORT
.TITLE Sort file
SORT [/R][/+n] [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype] [ destination]
OPTIONS
-------
/R Reverse the sort, highest sequence comes first
/+N Sort at Column N.
SORT sorts the input text file and writes out the sorted data.
SORT can be used as a ~Nfilter~E program
e.g. ~FDIR~E | SORT /R
.
.FRAME SUBST
.TITLE Subst name of imaginary drive for path
SUBST d: [d:][\]path
SUBST allows a pathname to be referenced as a psuedo
disk drive, allowing the use of software that can only
work with a fixed drive letter.
.
.FRAME SYS
.TITLE Setup a boot disk
SYS d:
SYS copies the system files from the default drive to
the specified drive
The disk must have been formatted using the /S or /B option
on the FORMAT command, or the directory must be empty.
.
.FRAME TIME
.TITLE Show/set time
TIME [hh:mm]
TIME displays and optionally sets the system time.
.
.FRAME TREE
.TITLE Display subdirectory tree
TREE [d:][/F]
If the option /F is used, the names of the files in each directory are
also listed.
TREE displays the hierarchy of subdirectories and optionally lists
the files in each ~Nsubdirectory~E.
.
.FRAME TYPE
.TITLE Display file on screen
TYPE [d:][\][path\]filename.filetype
TYPE displays the textual contents of the specified file.
.
.FRAME VER
.TITLE Give MSDOS version
VER
This prints out the MSDOS version number, showing
the major version number and the revision level.
.
.FRAME VERIFY
.TITLE Set disk verify On/Off
VERIFY ON or VERIFY OFF
VERIFY ON enables disk verify operation, so that data is
chacked after it is written to the disk.
VERIFY OFF disables the disk write verification.
If no parameters are specified, the current setting is shown.
VERIFY is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E
.
.FRAME VOL
.TITLE Display disk volume label
VOL d:
VOL displays the label of the disk on the specified drive.
VOL is a DOS ~Ninternal command~E.
.
.FRAME XCOPY
.TITLE Copy (extended)
XCOPY [d:][\][path\]source[d:][\][path\]destination [option[option...]]
OPTIONS
-------
/A Only copy files that have the Archive attribute set.
/D:dd-mm-yy Only copy files that have been changed on or after the given
date.
/E Copy entry subdirectories as well as ones with files in them.
/M Only copy files that have the Archive attribute set.
/P Confirm each copy.
/S Copy files from both the given directory and from its subdi-
rectories.
/V Verify each copy as it is written, to check that the new file
is identical to the original.
/W Wait until a key is pressed before starting the copy.
XCOPY provides an extended copy command that does selective copying.
~NWildcard~E file specifications may be used.
.
.FRAME ECHO
.TITLE Display message
ECHO message
ECHO displays a message to the screen from a batch file
The forms:-
ECHO ON
and
ECHO OFF
Enable or disable the display of commands as they are executed
in a batch file. This is enabled by default.
If no parameters are supplied, the current status is displayed.
.
.FRAME FOR
.TITLE Operate on group of files
FOR %%var IN wildcardspec DO command
FOR executes the given command for each file matching the
~NWildcard~E file specification.
The variable var may be substituted into the command to
provide the name of the current file in the group.
e.g. FOR %%a IN *.TXT DO TYPE %%a
This allows all files with the extension TXT to be typed.
This is a useful way of allowing wildcard specifications
to be used with commands that do not support them directly.
.
.FRAME GOTO
.TITLE Branch to a label in a batch file
GOTO label
GOTO transfers control to a specified label in a batch
file. If the label does not exist, the batch file
aborts with an error message.
e.g. :HERE
ECHO AGAIN
GOTO HERE
Loops indefinately displaying the message "AGAIN"
.
.FRAME IF
.TITLE Test a condition in batch file
IF {NOT} condition command
If evaluates the condition, and if it is true (or false if
NOT is specified), the command is executed.
The condition may take one of the following forms:-
EXIST filename This tests to see if the file exists
ERRORLEVEL n This tests the exit status of the previous
command, and if it is greater than or equal
to 'n' the condition is true
string==string This tests one string against another, and
they are equal, the condition is true
.
.FRAME PAUSE
.TITLE Await depression of key
PAUSE {remark}
PAUSE causes the system to stop until a key is pressed
The optional remark is displayed prior to the pause, if
specified.
.
.FRAME REM
.TITLE Remark in batch file
--------------------- REM - Internal Batch Subcommand -----------------------
REM denotes a remark (comment) in a batch file.
FORMAT: REM [remark]
REMARKS:
Remarks may be any string of characters. The maximum length of a remark is
123 characters. Note that remarks will not be displayed during batch file
execution if ECHO has been set to OFF.
EXAMPLE: Display the remark, "This Batch File Backs Up the Budget Files:"
REM This Batch File Backs Up the Budget Files
.
.FRAME Parameter
.TITLE Supplying parameters to a batch file
Parameters
Up to 10 parameters may be supplied to a batch file,
or more if ~FSHIFT~E is used. These parameters are
treated like ~Nenvironment variable~Es, and have the names
%0 to %9
Environment variables set using the ~FSET~E command can be
expanded within the batch file using the notation:-
%variablename%
Where variablename is the ~Nenvironment variable~E.
.
.FRAME SHIFT
.TITLE Shift arguments
SHIFT
SHIFT moves all replaceable ~Fparameter~Es to a batch command file
down one in number, so that %1 becomes %0, %2 becomes
%1 etc. This permits more than the ten directly usable
parameters to be entered.
.